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Part 1 of 2: Medical Reviewers

Healthline Medical ReviewersThe medical reviewers who comprise the Healthline medical review team serve a crucial role in ensuring that our content is accurate, current, and consumer-focused. Their collective expertise is extensive and representative not only of a variety of medical specialties but also different aspects within theses specialties, including clinical practice, research, and patient advocacy. It is this breadth of perspective that allows us to provide you with the quality information that you need, can understand, and can use to take an active role in your own healthcare.

Jason C. Baker, MDEndocrinology, Diabetes, and MetabolismDr. Baker is an assistant professor of clinical medicine and attending endocrinologist at Cornell Medical College in New York. He also is a contributing author for the Medical Letter and Physician’s Weekly, and a contributing editor to the online health communities of dLife and Healthline.

Dr. Baker, who has type 1 diabetes mellitus, is the founder and board chair of the nonprofit organization Marjorie’s Fund, a global initiative dedicated to education, care, and research for type 1 diabetes mellitus in resource-poor settings. He also is involved in numerous global health diabetes efforts and was named “International Endocrinologist of the Year” by the Metro New York Association of Diabetes Educators. He was also included in the October 2013 “People to Know” edition of Diabetes Forecast, a publication of the American Diabetes Association, and received the Humanitarian Award from the Diabetes Research Institute in 2014.

Dr. Baker is a graduate of Emory University College and Medical School. He completed an internal medicine residency at New York University and a fellowship in diabetes, endocrinology and metabolism at Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center.

Natalie Butler, RD, LDNutritionNatalie is a dietitian who is passionate about real food and nutrition and endeavors to have a positive impact on the health of those she reaches. She began her own practice, Nutrition By Natalie, in 2006, and has since helped domestic and international clients and companies achieve health and weight goals through her use of nutrition videos, social media, meal plans, recipes, product development, and podcasts. In addition to her private practice, Natalie works as a corporate dietitian for Apple, Inc., providing individual and group consultations, recipe development and analysis, seminars, and programs.

Natalie has contributed to award-winning publications and radio programs. She remains one of the top nutrition experts on YouTube.

She holds a B.S. in food, nutrition, and dietetics from Stephen F. Austin State University. She completed her graduate dietetic internship through Marywood University, Scranton, PA.

Alan Carter, PharmDPharmacologyAlan has over 35 years of experience in pharmacy, serving as a researcher, educator, and consultant for industry. He has provided support for research and academic health programs, performed medical journal peer review, and served as director of 12 community pharmacy locations.

Additionally, Alan provides accredited continuing education programs for physicians, nurses, and pharmacists and has conducted medication review seminars for church groups and business wellness programs. Currently, he's actively working with state, national and nonprofit institutions on multiple projects to help improve public health education and new medication therapy options.

Alan received both a B.S. in pharmacy and a PharmD from the University of Missouri, Kansas City. He also has published 12 peer-reviewed medical journal research papers and articles to date.

Christine A. Frank, DDSDentistryDr. Frank is a general dentist, licensed in Illinois. She has been in private practice since 1982. In addition to her private practice, she has worked for the DuPage County Health Department; performing dental screenings for the sealant program in public elementary schools.

Dr. Frank has been a Consultant for MetLife Insurance, reviewing dental claims since 2003. Her diverse work experience brings a unique perspective to her contributions to the Healthline Review Board.

Dr. Frank earned her dental surgery degree from Loyola University of Chicago. She also has a B.S. in chemistry from St. Mary’s College.

Monica Gross, MD, MPHPediatricsDr. Gross has more than 20 years of experience as a practicing pediatrician. She believes that raising healthy children is an opportunity for families and communities to do their best and most important work. As a mother of four, her approach to parenting and pediatrics is down to earth, practical, and balanced.

Dr. Gross received a medical degree from the University of Washington Medical School, completed her pediatric residency at the University of Michigan and has a master's degree in public health from the University of California, Los Angeles. She is certified by the American Board of Pediatrics and is a member of the American Academy of Pediatrics.

Steven Kim, MDFamily MedicineDr. Kim is a residency-trained family physician with more than 20 years of clinical experience in family practice. In the last few years, he has transitioned out of full-time practice to focus on medical writing and editing as well as academic teaching.

He received a B.S. in human biology from Stanford University, and a medical degree from University of California at Davis. Additionally, Dr. Kim is a member of the American Academy of Family Practice.

George Krucik, MD, MBAMedicine and Information TechnologyDr. Krucik has a dual career in both medicine and information technology. He has practiced primary care medicine in the Bay Area for more than 14 years and has served in an executive capacity for several public software companies, including Autodesk Australia and EleTel.

Dr. Krucik received a B.S. in computer science and mathematics and a medical degree from the University of Manitoba, in Canada. Additionally, he has an MBA from the University of San Francisco.

Peggy Pletcher, MS, RD, LD, CDENutrition and DiabetesPeggy is a registered/licensed dietitian and a certified diabetes educator. Peggy has been developing individual nutrition and exercise programs for more than 20 years. Additionally, she has developed and led group classes on a variety of topics, including comprehensive weight loss and diabetes management.

Peggy is approved to deliver conversation map diabetes group education classes. She also has authored numerous articles on disease-specific nutrition and fitness and sports nutrition for both Internet sites and magazines. Additionally, Peggy has been a speaker for the Chicago Marathon prerace nutrition clinic.

Peggy has extensive experience helping people set realistic goals that lead to achievable results and long-term success. She believes in wellness, a balanced lifestyle, and a holistic approach when helping people achieve their lifestyle and fitness goals.

Peggy has an M.S. in exercise physiology from Northeastern Illinois University, as well as a B.S. in exercise physiology from the University of Illinois. Additionally, she has completed a cardiac rehabilitation internship at Lake Forest Hospital/Northeastern Illinois University, and a dietetic internship at Hines Veterans Administration Hospital.

Usha Rajagopal, MDPlastic and Reconstructive SurgeryDr. Rajagopal is a board-certified plastic surgeon and the medical director of San Francisco Plastic Surgery and Laser Center. The center is a leader in cosmetic surgery of the face, breast, and body. The center also offers the latest in cosmetic dermatology, medical skin care, and laser treatments.

Dr. Rajagopal's media appearances include Marie Claire, Eye on the Bay, KRON-4, Women-Now TV, San Francisco Chronicle and Examiner, Channel 7 News, and Readers’ Digest. She is also a regular contributor to RealSelf, a Patient’s Choice award winner, and a botox Platinum Level injector.

Dr. Rajagopal earned a medical degree from the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center. Additionally, she had a fellowship in plastic surgery at the University of California, San Francisco. She is a member of American Society of Plastic Surgeons, the American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, and the California Society of Plastic Surgeons.

Jennifer Monti, MD, MPHCardiology, Intensive Care, and Public HealthDr. Monti is a resident in internal medicine at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine. Her interests include cardiology, intensive care, and public health. 

Dr. Monti received an A.B. in biochemistry from Harvard College in Cambridge, Massachusetts. She went on to receive a medical degree and master's of public health from Case Western Reserve University, and is completing residency at Johns Hopkins University.

Dr. Monti was born and raised in Connecticut. In her spare time, she enjoys reading, marathon running, and travel.

Brenda Spriggs, MD, MPH, MBARheumatologyDr. Spriggs is a recognized expert in the field of rheumatology and has demonstrated her passion for quality health care by serving on numerous health-related boards, including the Arthritis Foundation, Children’s Hospital of San Francisco Ambulatory Services, Providence Hospital, Sisters of Charity and is currently a member of the emeritus board of the Alta Bates Summit Foundation. 

Dr. Spriggs operated a private rheumatology/immunology-focused practice for 25 years, while teaching at Children’s Hospital, San Francisco and the University of California, San Francisco, where she was conferred the status of clinical professor emeritus in 2006. Her commitment to improving access to and the quality of medical care for health care consumers goes beyond the institutions she has served during her professional clinical career. Dr. Spriggs is the co-founder of Newell & Spriggs Consulting, LLC, which is a healthcare company devoted to promoting health literacy, which she sees as a major contributor to the ever-widening gap in access to quality care for individuals of all socioeconomic levels.

Dr. Spriggs has served as a board director of the Women’s Foundation of California and is a founding director of One PacificCoast Bank, FSB, organizations that are actively addressing the health, social and economic injustices that affect the most vulnerable in our communities, causes about which she is passionate. She is the recipient of numerous awards for teaching excellence, professional achievement, and many notable academic honors. She is the co-author of a recently published book, "Focus On YOUR BEST HEALTH: Smart Guide to the Health Care You Deserve."

Dr. Spriggs received a B.S. in biology from Fisk University, graduating summa cum laude. She received a medical degree from Meharry Medical College, graduating with highest honors. She matriculated as an N.I.H. rheumatology fellow at the University of California, San Francisco. She is a fellow of the American College of Physicians and the American College of Rheumatology. She received a master’s of public health from the University of California, Los Angeles, and an MBA from Claremont Graduate University’s Peter F. Drucker Graduate School of Management.


Part 2 of 2: Medical Advisors

Healthline Medical AdvisorsThe Healthline medical advisors provide guidance in the direction and focus of our content. They advise us in our endeavors to constantly refine our processes, to identify your immediate healthcare information needs, and to present information to you in the most useful format. Their role is crucial in steering us toward our mission.

Chair: Paul Auerbach, MD, MS, FACEPDr. Auerbach is the Redlich Family professor of surgery in the division of emergency medicine at the Stanford University School of Medicine. He is former professor and chief of emergency medicine at Stanford and Vanderbilt Medical Centers. Dr. Auerbach is a former venture partner with Delphi Ventures in Menlo Park, CA, as well as a previous senior corporate officer with KAI Pharmaceuticals and MedAmerica. He has served as base station medical director for the City and County of San Francisco, as well as medical director for emergency medical services for the Tennessee Department of Health and Environment. Editor of the definitive textbook "Wilderness Medicine" and author of the widely acclaimed "Medicine for the Outdoors," as well as founder and past president of the Wilderness Medical Society, Dr. Auerbach is internationally recognized as a leading authority on emergency medicine, wilderness medicine, and outdoor health and safety. He is the recipient of the DAN America Award from the Divers Alert Network for his service to divers and expertise on hazardous marine animals, and the Outstanding Contribution in Education award from the American College of Emergency Physicians. Dr. Auerbach has authored or co-authored more than 100 medical articles and textbook chapters in peer-reviewed literature, and is an active blogger, writing Medicine for the Outdoors for the Health Expert Network. Dr. Auerbach has degrees from Duke University, the Duke University School of Medicine, and the Stanford Graduate School of Business.

Monica Bien, MPA, PA-CMonica is a physician assistant and has a background in primary care and emergency medicine. For the last five years, she has worked in the department of oncology at San Francisco General Hospital. She is most passionate about her work in the Breast Cancer Clinic, a multidisciplinary clinic providing care for women with early stage breast cancer. She is dedicated to providing high-quality care to a multiethnic, multicultural, underserved patient population. Monica’s philosophy and her approach to care are guided by a strong practice in mindfulness meditation and other nontraditional healing methods.

Monica earned a PA-C from Samuel Merritt College in Oakland, California. She also holds a B.S. in biology and physiology from San Francisco State University.

Susan J. Bliss, RPh, MBASue is a registered pharmacist, who has practiced in community pharmacy, long-term care pharmacy, and physicians’ offices, for more than 20 years. To Sue, the best part of pharmacy practice has always been working with patients and their physicians to find the right drug treatment for each patient.

Sue has written many articles and continuing education programs in print and on the web.  She’s written about pharmacy ethics, geriatric care, patient drug information, new drug development, drug costs, and the crossroads of technology and medical care.

She holds a bachelor’s degree in pharmacy from Oregon State University, an MBA from George Fox University, and a graduate certificate in clinical informatics from the Oregon Health Sciences University School of Medicine.

Stacey K. Boudreaux, Pharm D Stacey has more than 20 years of pharmacy practice experience. Additionally, she has more than 18 years of specialized experience in clinical informatics and drug information. Stacey has worked with several healthcare information technology companies, helping to manage and develop various types of clinical content slated for electronic health records. Stacey obtained a Pharm D from Idaho State University and completed a residency in pharmacy practice at the University Hospital in Salt Lake City, Utah.

Nancy Carteron, MD, FACRDr. Carteron specializes in autoimmunity. She is board certified in internal medicine and rheumatology. As a member of the clinical faculty at the University of California, San Francisco, she mentors physicians in the University’s Arthritis Center as well as in her own practice, which focuses on autoimmune and immune-mediated diseases. Dr. Carteron has been a principal investigator in studies of biologic agents. Additionally, she has performed extensive studies in the areas of immunology, molecular virology, and cellular immunology at Johns Hopkins University and the University of California, San Francisco Medical Centers.

Dr. Carteron co-authored "A Body Out of Balance: Understanding and Treating Sjögren’s Syndrome." She also authored “Cytokines in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Trials and Tribulations,” in Molecular Medicine Today (2000), which marked the beginning of biologic agents being available to treat rheumatoid arthritis. She then developed a clinical education module on rheumatoid arthritis and pregnancy for the American College of Physicians.

Dr. Carteron is a fellow of the American College of Rheumatology. She serves as vice chair and cofounder of the HealthWell Foundation and as a board member of the Sjögren’s Syndrome Foundation, where she serves on the Clinical Practice Guidelines Task Force. Additionally, she developed the Women’s Health Resource Center at California Pacific Medical Center.

Dr. Carteron received a medical degree from Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and postgraduate training from Johns Hopkins University, Duke University, Stanford University, and the University of California, San Francisco.

Patricia Geraghty RN, FNP, MSNPatricia is a nurse practitioner in women’s health. She has authored a manual for pregnancy and was the lead faculty and coordinator of a nurse practitioner program in Oakland, California. She now practices at the Muir Obstetric and Gynecologic Medical Group in Walnut Creek, California, and teaches women’s health content in local nurse practitioner programs.

Patricia speaks nationally at professional meetings on topics pertinent to women’s health and has published in professional journals. She also serves as adjunct clinical faculty at Holy Names University in Oakland, California.

Patricia is certified as a post master’s special studies family nurse practitioner. She received an M.S. in nursing women’s health nurse practitioner from the University of California, San Francisco. She also holds a B.S. in biological and behavioral development from the University of California, Davis.

Violet Hanft RN, BSN, OCNViolet is a breast surgical oncology nurse coordinator at Stanford Women’s Oncology Center at Stanford Hospital & Clinics. Her passion for oncology began immediately working in the bone marrow transplant unit and oncology intensive care unit. Violet received her oncology certification in 2003 and began focusing on oncologic care in the ambulatory setting, specifically with the breast cancer population. She became committed to assisting patients in navigating the complex road of breast cancer diagnosis to recovery and rehabilitation.

Violet received a B.S. in nursing from Loyola University School of Nursing. She is a member of the Oncology Nursing Society.

Stephen Kania, MDDr. Kania is a consultant specializing in healthcare information technology and medical informatics. He is a general internist with a diverse background in medical research, medicine, clinical content, and clinical software development. He was the vice president of medical information for Epocrates from 2006–2013. During this time, the company achieved a tripling in the number of active physician users to nearly one in every two physicians in the United States. Dr. Kania was responsible for all clinical content developed at Epocrates as well as non-sponsored, third-party clinical content used within Epocrates products. Prior to joining Epocrates, Stephen was vice president of medical informatics at Zynx Health, and a director within the Knowledge Solutions division at Cerner Corporation.

Dr. Kania has a background in molecular biology research and obtained a medical degree from the University of California, Los Angeles School of Medicine. He completed his residency and was also chief medical resident at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center before maintaining a general medical practice with the Medical Group of Beverly Hills.

Mindy S. Marantz, PT, MS, GCFPMindy is the founder and owner of Healthwell Physical Therapy Group in San Francisco, CA. Mindy has studied advanced manual therapy techniques for orthopedics and musculoskeletal dysfunction. She is currently involved with the Barral Institute studying visceral and neural manipulation. Her community service included serving on the board of directors of the French American Foundation for Medical Research and Education, as well as the National Pain Foundation.

Jaqui Parker, RPhJaqui Parker is a Senior Informaticist with Apelon, an international informatics company. She is also a registered pharmacist with 15 years of experience working in diverse pharmacy practice settings. She currently is a participant in the SNOMED CT Implementation Advisor Scheme. Jaqui has applied the knowledge gained in these clinical settings to the development of medical informatics tools, with a focus on medical terminology.

Jaqui has collaborated with a well-established drug information company to model and create a comprehensive drug allergy database linking their local terms to SNOMED CT and RxNorm. Jaqui was a key contributor in the FDA effort to index the Physician Labeling Rule (PLR) compliant drug labels, using LOINC and SNOMED CT.

Karen Revelli-WeixelKaren is a breast patient navigator at the Carol Ann Read Breast Health Center where she provides resources, education, and support to newly diagnosed breast cancer patients. In 2005, Karen was diagnosed with breast cancer. It is through this experience that she learned the importance of being very involved in one’s treatment, and the value that an outside advocate can bring to the process. It is Karen’s personal experience that makes her feel blessed with the opportunity to make use of her knowledge and experience to help others who are currently undergoing a similar life experience.

Karen received a B.A. in community health education from California State University, Chico and recently earned a certificate in patient navigation from Sonoma State University.

Tammy Schacher, RN, MSN, CN-BNTammy is a certified breast nurse navigator. She has been an oncology nurse for more than 10 years, and a breast cancer nurse navigator for four years. She works at the Carol Ann Read Breast Health Center at the Alta Bates Summit Medical Center in Oakland, California. Tammy also is co-author of "The Chemotherapy Survival Guide: Everything You Need to Know to Get Through Treatment," 3rd Edition.

Tammy received an M.S. in nursing from Sonoma State University. She also received an MBA and a master's of public health in health services management from the University of California, Berkeley.

Susan Weiner, MS, RDN, CDE, CDNSusan is a well-respected lecturer for organizations such as the American College of Sports Medicine, and was the official sports nutritionist for the American Diabetes Association Walk America program. She is the owner of Susan Weiner Nutrition in New York, was an adjunct professor at Queens College, and taught at the Academy of Applied Personal Training Education at Hofstra University. She is a key educational advisor for Marjorie’s Fund, a type 1 diabetes mellitus global initiative dedicated to improving the lives of people with type 1 diabetes mellitus. She also is on the advisory board of DiabetesSisters, a nonprofit organization that promotes diabetes education and advocacy as well as the medical advisory board for dLife.com.

Susan’s first book "The Complete Diabetes Organizer: Your Guide to a Less Stressful and More Manageable Diabetes Life" is the first how-to guide on diabetes organization. She co-authored the "Medical Nutrition Therapy for Anemia" chapter for the 13th and 14th editions of "Krause's Food and the Nutrition Care Process." Susan also is the 2015–2016 editor for On the Cutting Edge, a peer reviewed publication for the Diabetes Care and Education group of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.

Susan is the 2015 American Association of Diabetes Educators’ Diabetes Educator of the Year. She also was voted one of the 10 top diabetes nutrition education bloggers by iVillage.com.

Susan earned an M.S. in applied physiology and nutrition from Columbia University and is certified in adult weight management through the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.

Kevin White, MDDr. White is an internationally recognized expert in fibromyalgia treatment and research as well as a fibromyalgia patient advocate. He brings a breadth of knowledge to Healthline, including medical training in two specialties: internal medicine and rheumatology, and education in medical research in epidemiology. As a former practicing physician and university professor, as well as a patient advocate, Dr. White draws from a wide background of experiences in his contributions to the Healthline Advisory Board.

Dr. White earned a medical degree from University of California, Davis. Additionally, he holds a Ph.D. in epidemiology & biostatistics from the University of Western Ontario, as well as a B.A. in chemistry from Claremont McKenna College.

 Sources: http://www.healthline.com/health/medical-board#MedicalReviewers1 
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                                                        Know Your Self For Real

Hot & Cold: Extreme Temperature Safety If you intend to travel outdoors, you should be prepared to deal with all sorts of weather. This might mean the rainiest days to the driest, and from the hottest daytime hours to the coldest nights.

The human body has a normal core temperature between 98.6 and 99.9 degrees Fahrenheit (F). In order to maintain this temperature without the aid of any warming or cooling device, the external environment must be at about 82 F. Clothes aren’t just a social convention — they’re necessary warming tools. We can usually add on more layers in colder months, and use fans or air conditioners in warmer months in order to maintain that healthy core temperature.

However, in some cases, you may find yourself in an environment with temperature extremes. It’s essential to know what health concerns you may face, and how to avoid any temperature-related problems.


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Part 2 of 3: The Heat

The HeatIt’s important to note that the temperature reading on a thermometer is not necessarily the temperature for which you should be concerned. The relative humidity in an environment can significantly affect what’s called the “apparent temperature,” or the temperature you actually feel. If the air temperature reads 85 F, but there’s zero humidity, it will actually feel like it’s 78 F, whereas the same air temperature in an environment with 80 percent humidity will feel like 97 F.

High environmental temperatures can be dangerous to the human body. In the range of 90 to 105 F, heat cramps and exhaustion may occur. Between 105 and 130 F, heat exhaustion is almost certain, and activities should be significantly limited. An environmental temperature over 130 degrees F is likely to lead to heatstroke.

Heat-related illnesses include:

• heat exhaustion
• heatstroke
• muscle cramps
• heat swelling
• fainting

One key to avoiding heat-related illness is to stay well hydrated. You should drink enough fluids that your urine is light colored or clear. Never rely solely on thirst as a guide to how much liquid you need to drink. In times of high fluid loss or significant sweating, be sure to replace electrolytes as well. Make sure you wear clothing appropriate to the environment. Clothes that are too thick or too warm can quickly cause a person to become overheated.Part 3 of 3: The Cold

The ColdAs with high temperatures, when it comes to cold temperatures, don’t rely solely on the thermometer reading of environmental air. For instance, the speed of the wind and external body moisture can cause a chill that dramatically changes your body’s rate of cooling and how you feel.  In very cold weather, especially with a high wind-chill factor, you can rapidly experience the onset of hypothermia. Falling into cold water can also result in immersion hypothermia.

When your body first drops below 98.6 F, you may:

• start to shiver
• have an increased heart rate
• have a slight decrease in coordination
• have an increased urge to urinate

When your body temperature is between 91.4 and 85.2 F, you’ll:

• decrease or stop shivering
• fall into a stupor
• feel drowsy
• be unable to walk
• experience quick changes between rapid heart rate and breathing to slow heart rate and shallow breathing

Between 85.2 and 71.6 degrees F, you will experience:

• minimal breathing
• poor to no reflexes
• inability to move or respond to stimuli
• low blood pressure
• possibly coma

A body temperature below 71.6 F is extremely dangerous. It can result in muscles becoming rigid, blood pressure becoming extremely low or even absent, heart and breathing rates decreasing, and can lead to death.

It’s essential to protect anyone experiencing early symptoms of hypothermia. They should be removed from the cold immediately if possible. However, don’t try to warm a person suffering from serious hypothermia with vigorous exercise or vigorous rubbing, because this can lead to more difficult problems.

Other cold-related illnesses include:

• frostnip
• frostbite
• trench foot (or “immersion foot”)
• chilblain
• Raynaud’s phenomenon
• cold-induced hives

Besides these illnesses, winter weather can cause major inconveniences for travelers. It’s important to be prepared to deal with heavy snow and extreme cold when on the road or at home.

Proper preparation and attention to emerging conditions can prevent or treat many temperature-related situations and ailments.

Other Sources:http://www.healthline.com/health/extreme-temperature-safety#TheCold3

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Herbal Sources: https://www.healingmoringatree.com/store/c1/Featured_Products.html

10 Medicines Not to Give Your Baby by Sara Elliott


Image Gallery: Parenting Not all over-the-counter medicines will leave a smile on that adorable face. See more pictures of parenting.

BananaStock/Thinkstock


The wide availability of over-the-counter (OTC) drugs can make them seem deceptively safe. If they're marketed as drugs for children, then they must be pretty harmless, right? Wrong. The FDA has no recommended guidelines for the use of any OTC medication on babies other than pain relievers. The cutoff for many children's medicines is 2 or 6 years old and up. If your child is younger than that, it's important to be extremely cautious when it comes to administering medicine. If you're breastfeeding, the drugs you may be taking can have health risks for your child, too.

These 10 common medicines are bad for baby, and you should be on the lookout for them in any of the products you buy, regardless of the manufacturer or product name. Become an expert at reading product labels -- especially ingredient lists -- and if you can't get the information you need from the product's labeling, ask your pharmacist or call your pediatrician. Never guess. Many medicines administered to infants have side effects that you should evaluate and understand thoroughly before choosing to use them, too. Sometimes, a little cough or some discomfort is preferable to the risks involved in using strong medicines to treat common childhood illnesses.


Know all of the ingredients before giving the medicine.

BananaStock/Thinkstock


Codeine is an example of a drug you wouldn't consciously give an infant without the express approval of your pediatrician, but it could transfer to your child while breastfeeding. There's always the chance that what you ingest will get into your breast milk, so make sure any medications you take will either stay out of your milk or be safe for your baby.

Codeine can be an ingredient in prescription as well as non-prescription medications. It's a narcotic pain reliever sometimes prescribed to nursing mothers. The liver metabolizes codeine into morphine, and some women can have high levels of this metabolized morphine in their breast milk after taking codeine medications. Women who metabolize codeine quickly (ultra-rapid metabolizers) may transfer dangerous amounts to their nursing babies. Although codeine has been given to nursing mothers for years and is still prescribed in some circumstances, the FDA has had concerns about it since 2007, citing warning signs to look for in babies who may be ingesting unsafe levels of morphine in breast milk. They include:

• sleepiness (babies who are breastfeeding typically nurse on a two to three hour schedule and shouldn't sleep more than four hours in a row)
• listlessness or difficulty breastfeeding
• trouble breathing
• limpness or unresponsiveness

If you notice these symptoms, contact your baby's doctor or obtain emergency assistance immediately.


DID YOU KNOWThe National Reye's Syndrome Foundation has assembled a list of prescription and over-the-counter medications that contain aspirin-like ingredients that you should avoid administering to any child under the age of 16: National Reye's Syndrome Foundation.


There's a strong link between aspirin (and other salicylates) and Reye's syndrome, a potentially fatal neurological disorder. This is particularly true in children under the age of 16. Although instances of Reye's syndrome in children and adolescents have dropped dramatically in the last three decades, it's important to realize that salicylates can be present in over-the-counter drugs, topical products and natural herbal preparations. You may know not to administer aspirin to your child, but before you give any medication, make doubly sure that it doesn't contain salicylates that can be listed with names like acetylsalicylate, salicylic acid, white willow bark or acetylsalicylic acid.

The risk for Reye's syndrome increases if aspirin-containing medications are administered to treat viral illnesses like colds and flu. Medical science recognizes that there's a connection, but hasn't yet discovered what it is. If you have any questions about a medication you want to use to treat your child's respiratory or flu-like symptoms, ask your pharmacist or pediatrician.


Don't go running to the pharmacy at the first sign of a cold.

Comstock/Thinkstock


Never treat children younger than two years of age with over-the-counter cough and cold medicines unless specifically directed to do so by your pediatrician. This is the stark warning issued by the FDA in a public health advisory responding to reports of serious side effects in children when taking these drugs. There's research pending on the potential side effects in children between the ages of 2 and 11, and some sources recommend avoiding these drugs altogether if your child is under the age of 6. These medications treat the symptoms of respiratory distress, not the cause, and the risks, even in older children, may outweigh the benefits.


DID YOU KNOW?If you have older drugs in your medicine cabinet, they may predate revelations about their safe use. Before you administer any drug you've had for a while, verify that it's within its safe-use date, and check with your pharmacist to make sure that there are no additional cautions you should be aware of.


Some pain relievers, like acetaminophen (baby Tylenol) or ibuprofen (baby Advil or Motrin) are safe to give your infant in moderation for painful conditions like gas, earaches andteething, but pain relievers can also be hiding in preparations you may not expect like cold and cough medicines, upping the risk for dangerous double dosing. In fact, discovering the right dosage and formulation for a child under 2 years of age can be a challenge even if there are no other medications involved. Of course, before you turn to a pain reliever for your baby's symptoms, it's always a good idea to check with your pediatrician.

Special note: Avoid giving acetaminophen to infants under 3 months old or ibuprofen to infants under 6 months old without your pediatrician's approval.


Keep all adult medication out of reach of your baby.

iStockphoto/Thinkstock


So, you may know better, but when times are tough, you're exhausted, or it seems innocent enough, you may make the mistake of thinking a benign adult medication will be OK to administer to your infant. This can be a poor choice that's never worth the risk. Most adult over-the-counter preparations contain concentrated ingredients, additives and preservatives that may be harmful by themselves or interact with substances your infant is already taking. Whenever possible, rely on products and preparations designed specifically for babies, and if you do have to administer a product that's designed for adult use, check with your doctor or pharmacist first.


DID YOU KNOW?If you're breastfeeding, discuss any medications you plan on taking, even over-the-counter medications, with your doctor. Although many drugs are safe to take while breastfeeding, it's important to make "eating for two" as nurturing and benign as possible.


This is another drug that may cause problems forbreastfeeding mothers and their babies. Originally marketed outside of the United States as a treatment for nausea and vomiting, users noticed that one of the beneficial side effects of domperidone use was increased milk production in lactating women. For women who weren't producing enough milk, domperidone seemed like a worthwhile option. In 2004, the FDA published a warning letter recommending that it not be used, prompted by published reports of cardiac arrest and sudden death in some women taking intravenous domperidone, concerns about its growing importation and use, and a lack of knowledge about the effects of domperidone on breastfeeding infants.


If you want to breastfeed your baby, it's always best to avoid ingesting any more drugs or potentially disruptive or harmful substances than you have to. Many new mothers opt for caution over personal comfort. If you have been diagnosed with an illness that will require drug treatment, consult with your physician and your pediatrician before deciding the best course for your breastfeeding regimen. Coordinating with medical professionals to determine the best way to feed and nurture your baby while protecting yourself is an important step to a healthier family.


DID YOU KNOW?When disposing of over-the-counter and prescription medications,always refer to the instructions on the medicine bottle. If none are listed,the Office of National Drug Control Policy recommends that you try to locate a drug take-back program in your area.


You may have an alphabet's worth of drugs left over from the last time you had an infant to care for, but the chances are good that many if not most of those drugs have expired "use by" dates. Before you give any drug to your baby, verify that it's safe to use on an infant, and make sure to check the "use by" date stamped on the bottle. If you can't find or decipher the batch information on the drug's packaging, don't risk it. Even if the drug is within its effective date, inspect the contents for discoloration or anything else that seems off. If it's out of date or looks suspicious, discard it.


Breastfeeding is a wonderful option, but some medications can cause problems, even when they don't make their way into your breast milk. There are drugs that can adversely affect breast milk production. Diuretics can limit the amount of fluid in the breast, while drugs like anti-hypertensive beta blockers can reduce bloodflow to the arteries that carry blood to the milk-producing regions of the breast. If you're breastfeeding, make sure your doctor knows, and discuss any drugs you plan on taking in light of your breastfeeding intentions.


DID YOU KNOW?From drugs to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in new paint and carpeting, if you think your child is having a negative reaction to a substance he's come in contact with, call your pediatrician immediately. If your child is having trouble breathing, call emergency services right away. And if you have questions about a substance and want to learn more, contact the American Association of Poison Control Centers.


Drugs and other sources of chemical contamination can be hiding in plain sight. Evamist is the trade name for an estradiol transdermal spray, an estrogen delivery system to help combat hot flashes during menopause. It's typically sprayed on the inside of the elbow or between the forearm and wrist, prime real estate for doting grandmothers who want to rock and entertain their grandbabies. The FDA sent out a safety announcement about Evamist in July of 2010, warning that children and infants exposed to the drug could experience premature puberty. Males could face breast enlargement while females could show signs of premature breast development and nipple swelling. If someone who comes in regular contact with your child is taking Evamist, she should wear long-sleeved clothing to avoid having direct skin contact with the child near the drug application site.

Evamist is one example of a medication intended for a specific purpose that can have accidental implications for your infant, your pets and other members of your family. Even a discarded nicotine patch that inadvertently comes in contact with a toddler's skin can be dangerous, so it's important to anticipate potential drug threats from conventional as well as unconventional sources.



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Sources: http://lifestyle.howstuffworks.com/family/parenting/babies/10-medicines-not-to-give-baby.htm
     

• Drugs.com. "Domperidone." Undated. 10/11/10.http://www.drugs.com/cons/domperidone.html
• AAFP. "FDA Warns Against Using OTC Cough, Cold Meds in Young Children - Side Effects Can Be Life-threatening." 1/17/08. 10/11/10.http://www.aafp.org/online/en/home/publications/news/news-now/health-of-the-public/20080117otcfdaalert.html
• Ask Dr. Sears. "Taking Medications Safely While Breastfeeding." 2006. 10/11/10.http://www.askdrsears.com/html/2/t028500.asp
• Baby Center. "Acetaminophen Dosage Chart." 7/2010. 10/11/10.http://www.babycenter.com/0_acetaminophen-dosage-chart_11886.bc
• Baby Center. "Nine Medicines You Shouldn't Give Your Baby." 10/08. 10/11/10.http://www.babycenter.com/0_nine-medicines-you-shouldnt-give-your-baby_10862.bc
• CDC. "Surgeon General's Advisory on the Use of Salicylates and Reye Syndrome." 7/11/82. 10/11/10.http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001108.htm
• Consumer Reports. "Babies and Kids Blog - Latest baby and child news headlines." 8/2/10. 10/11/10.http://blogs.consumerreports.org/baby/2010/08/children-medications-breast-feeding-pumping-milk-child-food-allergies.html
• DHSS. "Drug Use While Breastfeeding." National Institutes of Health. Undated. 10/11/10.http://www.dhss.mo.gov/dnhs_pdfs/R_NPE_pdimodule_bf_chap12.pdf
• Drugs.com. "Cyclosporine Pregnancy and Breastfeeding Warnings." Undated. 10/11/10.http://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/cyclosporine.html
• FDA. "Domperidone." 6/19/09. 10/11/10.http://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch/SafetyInformation/SafetyAlertsforHumanMedicalProducts/ucm154914.htm
• FDA. "FDA Drug Safety Communication: Ongoing safety review of Evamist (estradiol transdermal spray) and unintended exposure of children and pets to topical estrogen." 7/29/10. 10/11/10.http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/PostmarketDrugSafetyInformationforPatientsandProviders/ucm220185.htm
• FDA. "FDA Drug Safety Communication: Ongoing Safety Review of Evamist (estradiol transdermal spray) and Unintended Exposure of Children and Pets to Topical Estrogen." 7/29/10. 10/11/10.http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/PostmarketDrugSafetyInformationforPatientsandProviders/ucm220185.htm
• FDA. "Public Helath Advisory: FDA Recommends that Over-the-Counter (OTC) Cough and Cold Products not be used for Infants and Children under 2 Years of Age." 1/7/10. 10/11/10.http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/PostmarketDrugSafetyInformationforPatientsandProviders/DrugSafetyInformationforHeathcareProfessionals/PublicHealthAdvisories/UCM051137
• FDA. "Using Over-the-Counter Cough and Cold Products in Children." 10/22/08. 10/11/10.http://www.fda.gov/ForConsumers/ConsumerUpdates/ucm048515.htm
• FDA. "Warning for Nursing Mothers Taking Codeine." 8/17/07. 10/11/10.http://www.fda.gov/ForConsumers/ConsumerUpdates/ucm048740.htm
• FDA. "Warning Letter - Domperidone." 6/7/04. 10/11/10.http://www.fda.gov/downloads/Drugs/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/EnforcementActivitiesbyFDA/WarningLettersandNoticeofViolationLetterstoPharmaceuticalCompanies/ucm054620.pdf
• Institute of Traditional Medicine. "On Taking Herbs While Breastfeeding." 8/01. 10/12/10.http://www.itmonline.org/arts/breast.htm
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Herbal Sources:https://www.healingmoringatree.com/store/c1/Featured_Products.html 

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MORINGA MEAL PROJECT
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Moringa



OUR MISSION

To empower the people of Malawi, Africa to implement sustainable, community-driven solutions that promote human advancement.

MORINGA IN MALAWIDetermined to Develop focuses on issues affecting the poorest of the poor in Malawi, Africa. We focus on programs supporting education, orphan care, women’s empowerment, health and the environment. The majority of our effort and funding is spent on education with a focus on those who are orphans and for whom education is the light at the end of an otherwise hopeless tunnel. Most especially, our Malawi based charity emphasizes girls education in the continuing pursuit for gender equality in Africa and the world.



WHY MALAWI?


Malawi is nicknamed “The Warm Heart of Africa” by both locals and visitors for its friendly spirit and welcoming people. But behind the smiles and eternal optimism of its culture, Malawi is one of the poorest places on earth.

Malawi, a landlocked country located in southeast Africa about the size of Pennsylvania, presents a number of challenges for its youngest citizens and their families. Malawi is home to an estimated 6.8 million children (Unicef) and poverty continues to be chronic and widespread. The country’s development is thwarted by a fast growing population, limited arable land, natural disasters, food insecurity, malnutrition, AIDS and a high incidence of malaria – one of the leading killers of children in Malawi under the age of five.

Malawi is one of the poorest counties in the world, ranked 170 out of 187 countries on the Human Development Index (UN 2013). According to the United Nations, Malawian people as a whole, live on less than $1 US a day. This includes around four million children living in poverty (UN 2013). Poverty hits children the hardest and threatens their most basic rights to survival, health, nutrition, education and protection from exploitation. Tens of thousands of children, particularly in rural areas, face unimaginable living conditions. They remain without access to running water, decent sanitation and medical facilities. Malnutrition is devastating and the single biggest contributor to child death in Malawi (unicef).

Malawi is heavily affected by the HIV/AIDS pandemic and the risk for a child to lose parental care is comparatively high. Tens of thousands die each year because of AIDS. The HIV prevalence rate is more than 11 percent and over 1,100,000 people in the country are living with the disease (UNAIDS 2012). The extent to which the disease affects the country’s children is beyond compare. More than half of Malawi’s estimated one million orphans, 770,000 children in Malawi, have lost one or both of their parents to HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS 2012).


Please watch the video below to learn why we want to battle malnutrition in Malawi with moringa

HOW YOU CAN HELP #1

SUPPORT OUR MORNING MEAL PROJECT IN MALAWIWe want to use moringa to battle malnutrition in Malawi, Africa. We have funded 1 year of a nutrition program that will provide meals using moringa to 700 children every day at primary school in Chilumba, Malawi. We need your help to fund our moringa project for a second year.

Malawi is a developing country facing many issues. Two major problems in this country are malnutrition and education. UNICEF reports 46 percent of the population has stunted growth by the age of 5, 21 percent are underweight, and 4 percent are wasted. In addition, there is a prominent nationwide Vitamin A deficiency, which creates problems with immunity. Additionally, 74 percent of Malawians do not complete primary school, which is the equivalent of grade school in the United States.

We will feed these children at a primary school in Chilumba, Malawi so that they can learn, grow and achieve. These children will learn while they eat.

We will battle malnutrition by using an additive called moringa in the meals. Locally grown and selected for sustainability, moringa is a rich source of vitamins A, B, and C. Moringa also contains a large amount of calcium, iron, and protein.

Our goal is to provide one meal containing moringa to 700 children at school every day. No donation is too small and all help is greatly appreciated. A gift of just $11 can feed one child for an entire year.

Deforestation and degredation of the environment in Malawi is an issue that Determined to Develop and the local community are addressing through our reforestation project. The project continues to move forward, and more seeds are being planted to improve the environmental health. Six types of tree are currently being planted including the acacia, which is used for home canopies/shade, and moringa, which has nutritional benefits. So far it has been observed that the moringa tree grows very fast and survives easily during the hot season. Once ready, the seedlings will be distributed to kids from the local primary schools to care for.

If you are unable to make a fiscal contribution, we urge you to help us complete our mission by spreading the word about moringa and sharing our story.

Eat. Learn. Achieve.

HOW YOU CAN HELP #2

SPONSOR A CHILD IN MALAWIDetermined to Develop assists with living expenses, school tuition fees, uniforms, shoes, learning materials, clothing, hygiene items, transportation and medical expenses for children – primarily orphans – in Malawi, Africa. Through your generous donations, our Malawi charity has assisted more than 300 children who otherwise would NOT have received an education!

While primary school (grade school in the US) is free in Malawi, costs such as uniforms, pencils, notepads and shoes often prove too great for struggling subsistence farmers and make even free primary school unaffordable for many families. Secondary school (high school in the US) is not free and school fees (around $20 US per month) are unaffordable for the majority of families in Malawi. Although secondary school education remains a basic public service in many counties across the world, millions of children in Malawi, Africa will never have the opportunity to experience a high school education. This is why ourAfrica charity focuses the majority of our efforts and funding on education.

Many of the children in Malawi assisted by Determined to Develop are provided with permanent housing and live within a family environment. $50 a month or $600 a year covers a child’s living expenses, including: school tuition fees, school uniforms, learning materials, transportation, clothing, shoes, food and medical expenses. For less than many people spend on coffee in a month, you can sponsor a child in Malawi.

Our needs are immense and sometimes overwhelming, but it’s through small steps that we work to make our world a better place. It’s only through your generous support that our Africa charity is literally able to save lives. If you are in the position to help your brothers and sisters in Malawi, who are far away but close at heart as part of the one human family, we ask that you answer the call and sponsor a child through Determined to Develop today. Sponsorship includes letters, pictures, emails and direct communication between you and your sponsored child in Malawi. There are many Malawi charity projects, but through low overhead costs, the close relationships we’ve developed with the Malawi community & a mostly volunteer staff, Determined to Develop can make your donation go farther than other charities in Africa.


All donations are 100% tax deductible and we’ve partnered with Network for Good to securely process your PayPal or online credit card donation. Please help our Moringa Meal Project today!

Tawonga chomene (We thank you)

DONATE NOWSUPPORT OUR MISSION TO EMPOWER THE PEOPLE OF MALAWI, AFRICA

CLICK HERE


WWW.DETERMINEDTODEVELOP.ORG


Determined to Develop
143 Woodstock Drive
Avon Lake, OH 44012
Phone (440) 364-2929

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Source: http://moringaleaves.blogspot.com/

7 Top Natural First-Aid Kits and Remedies!

Herbal medicines to help prepare you and your family can be as simple as stocking your medicine cabnet with versatile herbs that can be used to treat minor injuries.  As you begin to feel more comfortable with herbal treatments of this sort and as your knowledge of herbs grow, you will find yourself turning to herbs first in most first-aid situations.  Minor bites from mosquitoes and other insects respond quickly to an herbal oil or ointment.  There are many herbs that stop itching and reduce swelling, but my favorite is lavender, which not only smells great, but also reduces the risk of infection.  Remember, while nature provides an array of bugs to pester you, she also supplies herbs to stop those bites an stings.  The herbs suggested for first-aid depends also on your effectiveness to be mentally prepared during an emergency.  No matter how many good herbs and gauze pads you have, there’s no substitute for knowledge and practice.  Of course, it is equally important not only to know the herbs, but to be able to use them properly, using them incorrectly can do more harm than good.

Natural Remedies and Uses:

Plantain and Jewelweed:

To start with your first-aid kits subjects 1, and 2, “plantain and jewelweed”.  Both herbs not only soothe the pain and itching of a sting or a bite, but also reduces swelling and even slows down allergic reactions.  For an instant treatment while on the go, chew plantain leaf into a poultice and put it on the injury.  Some times called “natures bandage,” plantain has the wonderful trait of being able to adhere to the skin without any artificial means.

True Insect Repellent:

2 ounces of vegetable oil or vodka 1/4 teaspoon each citronella and eucalyptus essential oils 1/8 teaspoon each pennyroyal, cedar and rose geranium essential oils.  Combine ingredients and apply mixture directly to all exposed skin.  Keep oil away from eyes and mouth—take care not to rub your eyes right after applying the repellent with fingers.

Storage and Keep Time:

Store in a bottle with a tight lid.  A glass container is best, but if you prefer a lighter, plastic container, choose one made of oil-resistant plastic (you can find these in camping goods stores).  This repellent should keep for at least a year.

Minor Bleeding:

With minor bleeding; the next time you are confronted with an injury, consider that a small amount of bleeding has its advantages.  Bleeding cleans dirt and foreign particles from a wound, and when blood is exposed to air, it forms an important fibrous substance call fibrin.  This fiber creates a netting that entangles other blood cells so that they clot into a scab.

Superficial Serious Bleeding:

If bleeding is perfusive certain herbs can be applied directly to the wound.  Powdered cayenne, the same pepper used in chili powder, will quickly staunch bleeding when sprinkled directly on a wound.  It will also reduce the time it takes for a scab to form.  Putting cayenne on an open wound, may sound more painful than the injury itself, but the pepper not only arrests bleeding but also contains a substance that reduces pain: capsaicin, the same stuff that, makes cayenne peppers hot.  Researchers have discovered that capsaicin suppresses a chemical that carries the pain messages from nerves in the skin to the brain.

7  First-Aid Kits ingredients list:

Moringa Leaf Power: A-Z superfood, combats malnutrition, is a multi-vitamin, has all 18 amnio acids, very high in protein, iron and other minerals.

Tea Tree Essential oil: Has great anti-bacterial benefits for many skin condition.

Comfrey Herb: Promotes fast healing from injuries and broken bones, great made into a salve.

Plantain Herb: Reduces swelling and even slows down allergic reactions.

Colloidal Silver: Kills all types of bacteria internally & externally.

Cayenne Pepper: Used topically, cayenne powder helps stop bleeding,

Activated Charcoal: For acute use in intestinal poisoning, it also pulls toxins out of skin.

Sources:

Natural First-Aid Kits:

Herbs for Health Book:

Natural News:

“To learn more about the authors please visit: https://www.healingherbsbyrene.com, and https://www.HealingMoringaTree.com